Bad breath is common, and many people find it hard to talk about. It is not a disease in itself but a sign that something needs attention. In most cases the cause lies in the mouth and can be treated.

What it is

The unpleasant smell comes mainly from volatile sulphur compounds produced by bacteria as they break down food debris, cells and proteins in saliva. They collect mostly on:

the surface of the tongue, especially towards the back,
the spaces between the teeth,
inflamed gums and periodontal pockets,
old or poorly fitting restorations and dentures.

Morning breath that goes after breakfast and brushing is normal, because saliva flow drops during sleep.

When to see us

Book an appointment if bad breath persists for a few weeks despite good brushing and cleaning your tongue and between your teeth.

Common causes in the mouth:

gingivitis and periodontitis,
a coated tongue,
decayed or broken teeth that trap food,
dry mouth, for example from medicines, certain conditions or mouth breathing,
dentures that are not cleaned properly.

Causes outside the mouth are less common: inflammation of the nose, sinuses or tonsils, acid reflux, and certain general conditions such as poorly controlled diabetes. Smoking, alcohol, some foods, fasting and strict diets also play a part. If we do not find a cause in the mouth, we will suggest you see your doctor or an ENT specialist.

What usually happens

Discussion. When it happens, whether others have noticed it, what medicines you take, your habits.
Examination. Teeth, gums, tongue, saliva, restorations and dentures.
Treating the cause. A clean, gum treatment, fillings or replacing restorations, depending on what we find.
Home care advice. Tongue cleaning, interdental brushes or floss, staying hydrated and, where needed, a suitable mouthwash for a set period.
Review. After a few weeks we see how things are going.

What you can do

Brush twice a day with a fluoride toothpaste.
Clean between your teeth every day.
Gently clean your tongue with a scraper or your toothbrush.
Drink enough water during the day. Sugar-free chewing gum can help saliva flow.
Mouthwashes mask the smell for a while but do not deal with the cause.

Frequently asked questions

How do I know if I have bad breath?

It is hard to judge yourself. The most reliable way is to ask someone you trust. At your examination we can assess it together, without embarrassment.

Is it my stomach?

It can be, but that is less common than people think. That is why we start with the mouth and, if we find no cause there, refer you to the right doctor.

Is a mouthwash enough?

Usually not. It may help for a few hours, but if the cause is gum inflammation or a coated tongue, that is what needs treating.

Related treatments

Appointments and questions: +30 210 6743342 · [email protected]